Becoming a truck driver in 2026 follows a clear, structured process: meet basic eligibility requirements, get your Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP), complete an approved CDL training program, pass the CDL skills test, and secure your first driving job. This guide explains each step, how long it takes, what it costs, and how new drivers can transition into owner-operators, plus state-specific requirements and financial tools from OTR Solutions to help you start a successful trucking career.
Key takeaways
- Age determines your driving scope – 18+ for intrastate (in-state only) driving, 21+ for interstate (across state lines), with limited apprenticeship options for younger drivers.
- CDL training is federally mandated – all first-time Class A and B applicants must complete Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) through an FMCSA-registered provider before taking the skills test.
- Most drivers complete the process in 6-10 weeks – depending on training schedule and test availability, including 1-3 weeks for CLP and 4-8 weeks for CDL school.
- CDL training typically costs $3,000-$10,000 – though paid company-sponsored programs may reduce or eliminate upfront cost.
- Owner-operator transition requires planning – most carriers require 1-2 years of driving experience, a strong safety record, and stable cashflow before you can run your own truck.
Step 1: Make sure you meet the basic requirements
To become a truck driver, you must meet federal and state requirements related to age, driving history, health, and identification.
Age requirements
Federal regulations require drivers to be at least 21 years old for interstate trucking, as outlined in 49 CFR 391.11. Drivers aged 18-20 may operate commercial vehicles intrastate (within their home state only). Some 18-20-year-olds can drive interstate through the FMCSA Safe Driver Apprenticeship Pilot (SDAP) under supervision by participating carriers, subject to federal approval and availability.
Valid driver's license & clean driving record
You need a valid state driver's license before applying for a CDL. States review your driving history, typically looking back 7-10 years. Major violations such as DUI convictions, multiple license suspensions, or serious traffic offenses can disqualify you from obtaining a CDL.
DOT physical & drug screening
All CDL applicants must pass a DOT physical examination conducted by an FMCSA-certified medical examiner. The examination evaluates vision, hearing, blood pressure, and overall physical fitness. You'll receive a Medical Examiner's Certificate that remains valid for up to 24 months, though some conditions may require more frequent renewals.
Pre-employment drug testing is mandatory, and commercial drivers remain subject to random and post-accident testing throughout their careers. Serious violations involving controlled substances or alcohol can permanently disqualify a driver.
If you want a detailed breakdown of when testing occurs, what substances are screened for, and how DOT drug testing works, see our full guide on how truck drivers get drug tested.
Education requirements
The FMCSA does not require a high school diploma or GED for CDL eligibility. However, many employers prefer candidates with at least a high school education, and some carriers may require it as a condition of employment.
Step 2: Study for and get your commercial learner's permit (CLP)
The Commercial Learner's Permit allows you to practice driving a commercial vehicle under supervision before taking the CDL skills test.
Use your state's CDL manual
Each state provides a CDL manual covering the material tested on the written knowledge exams. These manuals are typically available online through your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent licensing agency. Study the sections that apply to the type of CDL you're pursuing and any endorsements you plan to obtain.
Pass the CLP tests
To obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit, you must pass one or more state-administered written knowledge exams based on your state’s official CDL Driver Manual. While CDL standards are set at the federal level, each state develops and updates its own testing materials.
All CDL applicants are required to pass the General Knowledge test, which covers traffic laws, safe vehicle operation, and core commercial driving responsibilities. Additional written exams are required depending on the CDL class you are pursuing and any endorsements you plan to add.
Required for Class A CDL:
- Combination Vehicles test
Required for vehicles equipped with air brakes:
- Air Brakes test
Optional endorsement tests:
- Hazardous Materials (HazMat)
- Tanker
- Doubles/Triples
- Passenger
- School Bus
All CLP exams are closed-book, and most states require a minimum passing score of 80%. Depending on state policy and appointment availability, applicants may be able to complete more than one knowledge test during the same visit.
Once issued, a CLP is typically valid for six months, with many states allowing one renewal for a total permit period of up to 12 months. Federal regulations also require drivers to hold a CLP for at least 14 days before taking the CDL skills test.
Step 3: Complete a CDL training program (ELDT-compliant)
To become a professional truck driver, you must complete Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) at a certified school. Training gives you the classroom knowledge and behind-the-wheel experience you need to safely operate a commercial vehicle and qualify for the CDL skills test. All ELDT providers must be registered with the FMCSA Training Provider Registry.
CDL classifications
The type of CDL you earn determines what vehicles you can legally operate. Most new truck drivers pursue either a Class A or Class B CDL.
CDL endorsements that help you get hired faster
Endorsements expand your job opportunities and may increase your starting pay.
- (H) Hazmat endorsement is required for hauling hazardous materials and involves a TSA fingerprint-based background check.
- (N) Tanker endorsement is for operating tank vehicles.
- (T) Double/triple trailers endorsement is for pulling multiple trailers.
- (X) Tanker + Hazmat combo represents one of the highest-demand specialties for tanker and hazmat carriers.
Types of CDL training programs
There are three main types of CDL training programs. The right option depends on your budget, schedule, and how quickly you want to start working.
- Paid company-sponsored training: Large carriers offer paid training in exchange for a work commitment, typically 9–12 months. These programs allow you to earn while you learn, though wages during training may be lower.
- Community college CDL programs: Community colleges offer structured CDL programs with classroom instruction and behind-the-wheel training. Many programs include job placement assistance and may qualify for financial aid.
- Private CDL schools: Private CDL schools offer flexible scheduling and faster start dates. These programs often maintain strong relationships with regional carriers to help graduates find work.
Cost to become a truck driver (training costs)
The cost of CDL training varies by program type and location.
- CDL school tuition typically ranges from $3,000–$10,000
- Paid company-sponsored programs may reduce or eliminate upfront tuition
- Additional required fees may include:
- DMV testing and licensing fees
- DOT medical exam
- HazMat background check (if applicable)
Many schools offer grants, payment plans, or employer reimbursement to help reduce out-of-pocket costs.
How long CDL training takes
The length of CDL training depends on the program format.
- Most programs take 4–8 weeks to complete
- Accelerated full-time programs may finish in 3–4 weeks
- Part-time or evening programs take longer but allow students to work while training
Program schedules vary, with full-time programs typically running weekdays and part-time options offering evenings or weekends.
Step 4: Take the CDL skills test and earn your CDL
The CDL skills test evaluates your ability to safely operate a commercial vehicle through three required segments.
What the skills test includes
- Pre-trip vehicle inspection requires you to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the vehicle, identifying key components and explaining their function and condition. This segment typically takes 30-45 minutes.
- The basic controls test assesses your ability to maneuver the vehicle in tight spaces through backing, parking, and positioning exercises. Common maneuvers include straight-line backing, offset backing, and parallel parking.
- The road test evaluates your driving skills in real traffic conditions, including lane changes, turns, intersections, railroad crossings, and highway driving. The full skills test typically takes 1-2 hours total, depending on the examiner and testing site.
The CDL is issued after passing all three segments. Failed segments may be retaken later, though fees apply for each retest.
Consider CDL endorsements for higher pay
Certain CDL endorsements can increase your earning potential and expand the types of freight you’re eligible to haul. While pay varies by carrier and region, endorsements often lead to better routes, specialized freight, and higher demand.
- HazMat (H) endorsement: Required for transporting hazardous materials. HazMat drivers typically earn an estimated $5,000–$15,000 more per year due to increased liability and stricter compliance requirements.
- Tanker (N) endorsement: Allows drivers to haul liquid or gaseous bulk loads. Tanker jobs often pay $2,000–$10,000 more annually, especially in fuel, chemical, and food-grade hauling.
- Doubles/Triples (T) endorsement: Required to pull double or triple trailers, commonly used by LTL carriers. These roles often offer higher hourly pay, more predictable schedules, and increased home time compared to OTR positions.
- Tanker + HazMat (X) endorsement: Combines tanker and HazMat qualifications. Drivers with an X endorsement are among the highest-paid non-oversize drivers, often earning $10,000–$20,000+ more per year depending on route and freight type.
Step 5: Get your first truck driving job
Most CDL schools and community colleges offer job placement assistance, helping graduates secure their first trucking position quickly. New drivers can also apply directly through trucking company websites, job boards, industry recruiters, or mega carriers with finishing programs that provide supervised training before solo driving.
Finding a job is typically one of the fastest steps in the process. Many new drivers receive offers before they even finish training. Understanding common trucking challenges early in your career helps you navigate the industry with realistic expectations.
Step 6: Complete a finishing program
Most trucking companies require new hires to complete a driver finishing program, even after earning a CDL. This helps ensure you're familiar with the exact equipment you'll be operating and the company's safety procedures.
Some finishing programs include formal classroom training covering company policies, safety protocols, and load securement procedures. Others pair new drivers with an experienced mentor for several weeks of over-the-road training. Once the program is complete, you can begin driving solo.
Step 7: Decide if you want to become an owner-operator later
Many drivers choose to gain experience as a company driver before transitioning to owner-operator status. Becoming an owner-operator typically requires 1–2 years of driving experience, a strong safety record, a basic understanding of business operations, and financial readiness.
How to become an owner-operator truck driver
The transition to owner-operator generally involves these five steps:
- Buy or lease a truck: New trucks typically cost $80,000–$150,000, while used trucks often range from $40,000–$80,000, depending on age and condition.
- Get your own authority or lease onto a carrier: Operating under your own authority requires obtaining DOT and MC numbers. Leasing onto a carrier allows you to haul freight under their authority, which can reduce administrative responsibilities early on.
- Secure commercial insurance: Owner-operator insurance often costs $9,000–$16,000 per year for new operators and usually includes liability, cargo, and physical damage coverage.
- Find freight consistently: Many owner-operators use digital load boards or work with dispatching services to maintain steady freight and reduce downtime.
- Manage billing and expenses: Invoicing, expense tracking, and cashflow management are critical. Many owner-operators use factoring services to maintain steady cashflow, and if you ever need to switch factoring companies, the transition process is straightforward with the right partner.
How much it costs to become an owner-operator
Startup costs typically range from $50,000–$250,000+, depending on whether you buy or lease a truck, along with additional expenses for insurance, permits, plates, fuel, maintenance, and authority filings.
For a detailed cost breakdown by category, see our full guide on trucking startup costs.
Step 8: Learn the basics of managing your money as a new driver
Managing your money early on helps you stay prepared for fuel costs, unexpected expenses, and the transition from student driver to professional driver. New drivers don't need advanced financial systems, just a few practical tools that make day-to-day expenses easier to handle. Learning strong fuel management practices from the start protects your profit margins and the right factoring program helps you manage any unexpected expenses along the way.
Smart money tools for new truck drivers
Here are simple financial tools that help new owner-operators stay organized and avoid cashflow stress:
- Fuel cards to save on fuel - your largest recurring expense, and make it easier to track purchases. Prepaid cards are excellent for beginners who want spending control, while credit-based cards offer more flexibility once you've established steady income. OTR offers both prepaid and credit fuel card options, designed specifically for truckers.
- Truly Instant Funding for faster payments - helps when some customers take days or weeks to process payment. OTR's Truly Instant Funding gives new owner-operators access to their money right away so they can cover fuel or living expenses without waiting, 24/7/365.
- Factoring for steady cashflow - can help ensure a predictable weekly income by advancing payment on completed loads if you become an owner-operator later. OTR's True Non-Recourse Factoring program is one option drivers can use once they start running their own business.
State requirements for becoming a truck driver
Although CDL requirements are federally regulated by the FMCSA, each state has its own fees, application steps, testing schedules, and documentation rules. The core process is the same everywhere: get a CLP, complete ELDT training, and pass the CDL skills test. Small differences in cost, wait times, and testing availability can affect your timeline.
Below is a sample table outlining how requirements can vary by state. Fees and requirements shown below are approximate and subject to change. Applicants should always confirm current pricing and procedures with their state DMV.
Note: Fees may change annually. Some states require appointments for CLP and CDL testing, while others allow walk-ins. HazMat endorsements always require a TSA background check, regardless of state. Weather and location (rural vs. metro) can affect test availability.
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to become a truck driver?
Most people complete the entire process in 6-10 weeks: 1-3 weeks for CLP, 4-8 weeks for CDL training, plus skills test scheduling.
How much does it cost to become a truck driver?
CDL programs cost $3,000-$10,000, though grants, paid training, and employer reimbursement may reduce costs. Additional fees include DMV, physical exams, and endorsements.
How hard is it to become a truck driver?
Becoming a truck driver requires commitment and practice rather than exceptional academics. Most students completing full CDL programs pass tests on first or second attempts.
How do I become an owner-operator?
Gain 1-2 years experience, save for a truck down payment, obtain an authority or lease onto a carrier, secure insurance, and establish freight relationships.
Can you become a truck driver with no experience?
Yes. CDL schools and carrier finishing programs are specifically designed to train people with no previous commercial driving experience from the ground up.
Is truck driving a good career in 2026?
Truck driving offers stability, consistent demand, and solid pay. With proper planning and financial tools, you can reach financial stability in this career.
Ready to start your trucking career?
Becoming a truck driver in 2026 follows a clear path: meet eligibility requirements, earn your CLP, complete ELDT training, pass the skills test, and secure your first driving job. Most drivers complete the process in 6-10 weeks, depending on training schedule and test availability, with average training costs ranging from $3,000-$10,000.
Once you're on the road, smart financial tools help you manage expenses and protect your income. OTR Solutions offers fuel savings through the OTR Fuel Card, Truly Instant Funding to speed up payments, and True Non-Recourse Factoring for owner-operators who need reliable cashflow.
Start your trucking career with support from the right partner from day one.
